Faith and Power: A Kettering Survey Maps the Christian Nationalism Divide

The intersection of faith and state power remains a defining feature of American politics as the 2026 midterm elections approach. New data from the Charles F. Kettering Foundation and Gallup indicates that while the number of Americans who strongly identify with Christian nationalism is falling, the concept continues to shape the national discourse.

Andrew Whitehead, a sociology professor at Indiana University Indianapolis and a research fellow for the Kettering Foundation, analyzed the survey results from more than 23,000 adults. He reported that approximately 14% of the U.S. population strongly embraces Christian nationalism, while just over 16% hold a sympathetic view. The belief system holds that Christianity defines the nation and that the government must take active steps to maintain that identity.

The data reveals distinct demographic and partisan patterns in who holds these views. Among white Americans, 31% are at least sympathetic to the ideology. Gender also plays a role, with a third of men expressing sympathy compared to 28% of women. Political affiliation shows the strongest correlation, as 55% of Republicans strongly embrace or sympathize with Christian nationalism.

Whitehead noted that even as the base of strong believers shrinks, the rhetoric persists in high-level federal government and media circles. He observed that fewer Americans embrace the concept strongly, yet it is more integrated into national political discussions than in the past. This presence keeps the issue central to how candidates and voters perceive the role of religion in public life.

The survey found that views on democracy diverge sharply along these lines. Whitehead explained that Americans who embrace Christian nationalism are more worried about perceived threats to the system. Paradoxically, those who strongly embrace the belief said democracy is currently doing great, whereas very few who reject it think democracy is functioning well or even adequately.

The nearly 70% of respondents who resist or reject Christian nationalism are arriving at the polls with high motivation this cycle. Whitehead stated that these voters are driven by a desire for Congress to check the power of the executive branch. He pointed out that such checks have not been frequently observed during the first two years of the current administration.

The political landscape also reflects a growing role for religious leaders in partisan races. While it is more common for Republicans to combine religion and politics, five Democrats are on the ballot in Congressional races this cycle. These candidates are either clergy or currently in training to become clergy, marking a shift in the religious composition of Democratic candidates.